VI 查找和替换

Question

Linux VI 提供了文件中字符串的查找和全局替换的方法。在命令模式下输入/或？可进入查找模式/输入“/searchstring”，然后回车，VI 光标从光标位置开始出现第一次出现的地方。输入 n 跳到该串的下一个出现处，输入 N 跳到该串上一次出现的位置。

在替换时，可指定替换的范围(1,n)，当 n 为$时指定为最后一行。s 是替换命令，g 代表全部替换。

例如：

:1,$ s/pattern1/pattern2/g

将行 1 至结尾的文字中匹配模式 pattern1 的字符串替换为 pattern2 字符串。如无 g，则仅替换每一行所匹配的第一个字符串；如有 g，则将每一个字符串均作替换。

现有一段文件的内容如下：

<dependency>
    <groupId>junit</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
    <version>3.8.1</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.hand</groupId>
    <artifactId>hap-db</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-security-web</artifactId>
    <version>${spring.security.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-security-config</artifactId>
    <version>${spring.security.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-security-cas</artifactId>
    <version>${spring.security.version}</version>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <artifactId>log4j-over-slf4j</artifactId>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.security.oauth</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-security-oauth2</artifactId>
    <version>2.0.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-security-jwt</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.oracle</groupId>
    <artifactId>ojdbc7</artifactId>
    <version>12.1.0.1.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    <version>5.1.34</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.microsoft.sqlserver</groupId>
    <artifactId>sqljdbc4</artifactId>
    <version>4.2</version>
</dependency>

将所有的 dependency 字符串替换为 test 字符串的命令如下：

1,$ s/dependency/test/g

替换后的内容如下：

<test>
    <groupId>junit</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
    <version>3.8.1</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</test>
<test>
    <groupId>com.hand</groupId>
    <artifactId>hap-db</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</test>
<test>
    <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-security-web</artifactId>
    <version>${spring.security.version}</version>
</test>
<test>
    <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-security-config</artifactId>
    <version>${spring.security.version}</version>
</test>
<test>
    <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-security-cas</artifactId>
    <version>${spring.security.version}</version>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <artifactId>log4j-over-slf4j</artifactId>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</test>

<test>
    <groupId>org.springframework.security.oauth</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-security-oauth2</artifactId>
    <version>2.0.7.RELEASE</version>
</test>
<test>
    <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-security-jwt</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.4.RELEASE</version>
</test>
<test>
    <groupId>com.oracle</groupId>
    <artifactId>ojdbc7</artifactId>
    <version>12.1.0.1.0</version>
</test>
<test>
    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    <version>5.1.34</version>
</test>
<test>
    <groupId>com.microsoft.sqlserver</groupId>
    <artifactId>sqljdbc4</artifactId>
    <version>4.2</version>
</test>

如果你输入的是

1,30 s/dependency/test/g

那么你将回替换前面 30 行

<test>
    <groupId>junit</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
    <version>3.8.1</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</test>
<test>
    <groupId>com.hand</groupId>
    <artifactId>hap-db</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</test>
<test>
    <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-security-web</artifactId>
    <version>${spring.security.version}</version>
</test>
<test>
    <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-security-config</artifactId>
    <version>${spring.security.version}</version>
</test>
<test>
    <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-security-cas</artifactId>
    <version>${spring.security.version}</version>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <artifactId>log4j-over-slf4j</artifactId>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.security.oauth</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-security-oauth2</artifactId>
    <version>2.0.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-security-jwt</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.oracle</groupId>
    <artifactId>ojdbc7</artifactId>
    <version>12.1.0.1.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    <version>5.1.34</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.microsoft.sqlserver</groupId>
    <artifactId>sqljdbc4</artifactId>
    <version>4.2</version>
</dependency>