认识 nginx 的默认配置

Question

cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 打开主配置文件

user  nginx;
worker_processes  1;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}

cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf 打开子配置文件

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  localhost;

    #charset koi8-r;
    #access_log  /var/log/nginx/host.access.log  main;

    location / {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
        index  index.html index.htm;
    }

    #error_page  404              /404.html;

    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    #
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }

    # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
    #
    #location ~ \.php$ {
    #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
    #}

    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
    #
    #location ~ \.php$ {
    #    root           html;
    #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
    #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
    #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
    #    include        fastcgi_params;
    #}

    # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
    # concurs with nginx's one
    #
    #location ~ /\.ht {
    #    deny  all;
    #}
}

默认就是这两个配置文件，http 部分是关于 http 部分的配置，server 是关于服务器的配置，location 是关于路由的配置。

location 后面的 ~ 表示路径使用正则匹配（区分大小写)。常用案例

    location ~ .*\.(jpg|png|gif)$ {
        gzip off;#关闭压缩
        root /data/www/images;
    }

    location ~ .*\.(html|js|css)$ {
        gzip on; #启用压缩
        gzip_min_length 1k;    #只压缩超过 1K 的文件
        gzip_http_version 1.1; #启用 gzip 压缩所需的 HTTP 最低版本
        gzip_comp_level 9;     #压缩级别，压缩比率越高，文件被压缩的体积越小
        gzip_types  text/css application/javascript;#进行压缩的文件类型
        root /data/www/html;
    }

    location ~ ^/download {
        gzip_static on; #启用压缩
        tcp_nopush on;  # 不要着急发，攒一波再发
        root /data/www; # 注意此处目录是`/data/www`而不是`/data/www/download`
    }