体验 libvirt 虚拟机

Question

安装虚拟化工具

sudo pacman -S qemu virt-manager virt-viewer libvirt --noconfirm

resolving dependencies...
looking for conflicting packages...

Packages (4) libvirt-4.5.0-1  qemu-2.12.0-2  virt-manager-1.5.1-1
             virt-viewer-6.0-1

Total Download Size:    0.22 MiB
Total Installed Size:  67.46 MiB
Net Upgrade Size:       1.90 MiB

:: Proceed with installation? [Y/n] 
:: Retrieving packages...
 virt-viewer-6.0-1-x...     0.0   B  0.00B/s 00:00 [----------------------]   0% virt-viewer-6.0-1-x...    40.4 KiB  67.4K/s 00:02 [###-------------------]  17% virt-viewer-6.0-1-x...   107.7 KiB   155K/s 00:00 [##########------------]  47% virt-viewer-6.0-1-x...   165.2 KiB   139K/s 00:00 [################------]  73% virt-viewer-6.0-1-x...   225.4 KiB   217K/s 00:01 [######################] 100%
(0/4) checking keys in keyring                     [----------------------]   0%(1/4) checking keys in keyring                     [#####-----------------]  25%(2/4) checking keys in keyring                     [###########-----------]  50%(3/4) checking keys in keyring                     [################------]  75%(4/4) checking keys in keyring                     [######################] 100%
(0/4) checking package integrity                   [----------------------]   0%(1/4) checking package integrity                   [##########------------]  46%(2/4) checking package integrity                   [#####################-]  98%(3/4) checking package integrity                   [#####################-]  98%(4/4) checking package integrity                   [######################] 100%
(0/4) loading package files                        [----------------------]   0%(1/4) loading package files                        [##########------------]  46%(2/4) loading package files                        [#####################-]  98%(3/4) loading package files                        [#####################-]  98%(4/4) loading package files                        [######################] 100%
(0/4) checking for file conflicts                  [----------------------]   0%(1/4) checking for file conflicts                  [#####-----------------]  25%(2/4) checking for file conflicts                  [###########-----------]  50%(3/4) checking for file conflicts                  [################------]  75%(4/4) checking for file conflicts                  [######################] 100%
(0/4) checking available disk space                [----------------------]   0%(1/4) checking available disk space                [#####-----------------]  25%(2/4) checking available disk space                [###########-----------]  50%(3/4) checking available disk space                [################------]  75%(4/4) checking available disk space                [######################] 100%
:: Processing package changes...
(1/4) reinstalling qemu                            [----------------------]   0%(1/4) reinstalling qemu                            [----------------------]   0%(1/4) reinstalling qemu                            [----------------------]   0%(1/4) reinstalling qemu                            [----------------------]   0%(1/4) reinstalling qemu                            [----------------------]   0%(1/4) reinstalling qemu                            [----------------------]   0%(1/4) reinstalling qemu                            [----------------------]   0%(1/4) reinstalling qemu                            [----------------------]   0%(1/4) reinstalling qemu                            [----------------------]   0%(1/4) reinstalling qemu                            [#############---------]  60%(1/4) reinstalling qemu                            [######################] 100%
(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [----------------------]   0%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [#######---------------]  36%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [##############--------]  67%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [####################--]  95%(2/4) reinstalling libvirt                         [######################] 100%
>>> You may need to run 'rm -rf ~/.libvirt'
(3/4) reinstalling virt-manager                    [----------------------]   0%(3/4) reinstalling virt-manager                    [######################] 100%
(4/4) installing virt-viewer                       [----------------------]   0%(4/4) installing virt-viewer                       [######################] 100%
:: Running post-transaction hooks...
(1/8) Updating icon theme caches...
(2/8) Reloading system manager configuration...
(3/8) Applying kernel sysctl settings...
(4/8) Creating system user accounts...
(5/8) Reloading device manager configuration...
(6/8) Arming ConditionNeedsUpdate...
(7/8) Updating the desktop file MIME type cache...
(8/8) Updating the MIME type database...
Unknown media type in type 'all/all'
Unknown media type in type 'all/allfiles'

安装好后，将当前用户加入 libvirt 组中

sudo gpasswd -a $USER libvirt

创建虚拟机

使用 virt-install 来创建虚拟机，例如

virt-install --name=arch --ram=1024 --vcpus=2 --cdrom=/home/lujun9972/Downloads/archlinux-2018.03.01-x86_64.iso --os-type=linux --os-variant=archlinux --disk path=/home/lujun9972/arch.dsk,size=4

开始安装......
域安装仍在进行。您可以重新连接
到控制台以便完成安装进程。

这会创建并启动一个名为 arch 的虚拟机，内存为 1024M，2 个CPU，加载 /home/lujun9972/Downloads/archlinux-2018.03.01-x86_64.iso 作为光盘, 4G 硬盘，虚拟硬盘文件为 /home/lujun9972/arch.dsk

管理虚拟机

一般通过 virsh 来管理虚拟机，常见的操作包括：

显示所有的虚拟机列表

virsh list --all

 Id    名称                         状态
----------------------------------------------------
 1     arch                           running

启动已经创建好的虚拟机

virsh start ${name}

获取虚拟机的信息

virsh dominfo ${name}

Id:             1
名称：       arch
UUID:           fac60be1-a248-440b-bd71-bec5e0379dd5
OS 类型：    hvm
状态：       running
CPU：          2
CPU 时间：   1.4s
最大内存： 1048576 KiB
使用的内存： 1048576 KiB
持久：       是
自动启动： 禁用
管理的保存： 否
安全性模式： none
安全性 DOI： 0

编辑虚拟机信息

virsh edit ${name}

设置主机启动后是否自动启动虚拟机

virsh autostart ${name}

域 arch标记为自动开始

或

virsh autostart --disable ${name}

域 arch取消标记为自动开始

暂停虚拟机

virsh suspend ${name}

回复暂停的虚拟机

virsh resume ${name}

关闭虚拟机

virsh shutdown ${name}

域 arch 被关闭

克隆虚拟机

关闭虚拟机后就可以通过 virt-clone 来拷贝虚拟机了

virt-clone --original ${name} --auto-clone --name ${new_name}

删除虚拟机

virsh destroy ${name}
virsh undefine ${name}

常用虚拟化管理应用工具

virt-manager

虚拟机图形化管理工具

virt-install

虚拟机配给工具

virt-clone

虚拟机镜像克隆工具

virt-image

从一个XML描述文件中构造虚拟机

virt-viewer

虚拟机图形化控制台

virsh

virsh guest 域的交互式终端