Rails3 Route 常用用法

Question

我们都知道在 Rails 中的 config/route.rb 文件定义了路由的设定，这次充分学习了 Rails3 中 Route 的常用用法，整理并分享在这里。

默认路由

match '/:controller(/:action(/:id))'

自定义路由

match 'products/:id', :to => 'catalog#view'

命名路由

match 'logout', :to => 'sessions#destroy', :as => 'logout'

根路由

root :to => 'welcome#show'

路由简写技巧

:to ​ 键的省略

match 'account' => 'account#index'

# 相当于:

match 'account', :to => 'account#index'
match 'info' => 'projects#info', :as => 'info'

注意：
:as 在 rails3 中是改变 helper， 在 rails2 中是改变 path

当路径和控制器（及 action) 一至时，可省略指派控制器部分

match 'account/overview'
# 相当于：  
match 'account/overview', :to => 'account#overview'

Verb 路由

当需要限制 http 请求方法的时候通过键 :via ，也可以直接把方法写在最前面：

get 'account/overview'
# 相当于：  
match 'account/overview', :via => 'get'
match 'account/setup', :via => [:get, :post]
# 支持 get\post\put\delete 四种 HTTP 方法

scope 路由

:path ​ 改变 Path， :module ​ 改变 Controller， :name_prefix || :as ​ 改变 helper

scope 'admin' do
  resources :posts
end
# 行当于:
scope :path => 'admin' do
  resources :posts
end

生成路由：

posts  GET  /admin/posts(.:format)  {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"index"}
posts  POST  /admin/posts(.:format)  {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"create"}
new_post  GET  /admin/posts/new(.:format)  {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"new"}
edit_post  GET  /admin/posts/:id/edit(.:format)  {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"edit"}
post  GET  /admin/posts/:id(.:format)  {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"show"}
post  PUT  /admin/posts/:id(.:format)  {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"update"}
post  DELETE  /admin/posts/:id(.:format)  {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"destroy"}
scope :module => 'admin' do
  resources :posts
end
# 相当于:
resources :posts, :module => 'admin'

生成路由：

posts  GET  /posts(.:format)  {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"index"}
posts  POST  /posts(.:format)  {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"create"}
new_post  GET  /posts/new(.:format)  {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"new"}
edit_post  GET  /posts/:id/edit(.:format)  {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"edit"}
post  GET  /posts/:id(.:format)  {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"show"}
post  PUT  /posts/:id(.:format)  {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"update"}
post  DELETE  /posts/:id(.:format)  {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"destroy"}
scope :name_prefix => 'admin' do
  resources :posts
end
# 相当于：
resources :posts, :name_prefix => 'admin'

生成路由：

admin_posts  GET  /posts(.:format)  {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"index"}
admin_posts  POST  /posts(.:format)  {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"create"}
new_admin_post  GET  /posts/new(.:format)  {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"new"}
edit_admin_post  GET  /posts/:id/edit(.:format)  {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"edit"}
admin_post  GET  /posts/:id(.:format)  {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"show"}
admin_post  PUT  /posts/:id(.:format)  {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"update"}
admin_post  DELETE  /posts/:id(.:format)  {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"destroy"}
scope 'admin', :module => 'admin', :name_prefix => 'admin' do
  resources :posts
end
# 相当于：
namespace 'admin' do
  resources :posts
end

生成路由：

admin_posts  GET  /admin/posts(.:format)  {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"index"}
admin_posts  POST  /admin/posts(.:format)  {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"create"}
new_admin_post  GET  /admin/posts/new(.:format)  {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"new"}
edit_admin_post  GET  /admin/posts/:id/edit(.:format)  {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"edit"}
admin_post  GET  /admin/posts/:id(.:format)  {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"show"}
admin_post  PUT  /admin/posts/:id(.:format)  {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"update"}
admin_post  DELETE  /admin/posts/:id(.:format)  {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"destroy"}

在路由中定义跳转

match "/posts/github" => redirect("http://github.com/rails.atom")

# 地址 /foo/1 会自动跳转到 /bar/1s
match "/foo/:id", :to => redirect("/bar/%{id}s")
  
# /account/proc/inosin 会自动跳转到 /inosins
match 'account/proc/:name', :to => redirect {|params|
"/#{params[:name].pluralize}" }
match "/stories" => redirect {|p, req| "/posts/#{req.subdomain}" }```

路由中的限制

限制 id 只能为数字

match "/posts/show/:id", :to => "posts#index", :id => /\d+/  
match "/posts/show/:id", :to => "posts#index", :constraints => {:id => /\d+/}

限制子域名

match "photos", :constraints => {:subdomain => "admin"}   

限制访问者 IP

constraints(:ip => /127.0.0.1/) do  
  match  '/questions', :to => redirect("http://www.stackoverflow.com/")  
end  
  
# 当访问者 ip 是 192.168.1.* 的来访者访问 子域名为 "test"  
match "/ttt" => proc{|env| [200, {}, ["hello test"]]}, \  
    :constraints => {:subdomain => "test", :ip => /192\.168\.1\.\d+/}```

路由通配符

resources :photos, :id => /\d+/  
match 'photos/*other' => 'photos#unknown'  
#上面这两行路由则会把不符合 7 种 path 的其他 url 全部解析到 PhotoController#unknown 中去处理，params[:other]可得到 path 中/photos/之后的部分，注意这两行的顺序不能颠倒  
  
match 'books/*section/:title' => 'books#show'   
# 例如：books/some/section/last-words-a-memoir 中 params[:section] = "some/section", params[:title] = "last-words-a-memoir".  
  
match '*a/foo/*b' => 'test#index'   
# 例如：zoo/woo/foo/bar/baz 中 params[:a] = "zoo/woo", params[:b] = "bar/baz"