您对 Sun CoolThreads 技术有何体验？
我的项目在本财年结束之前需要花费一些资金，我们正在考虑更换已经使用了几年的 Sun-Fire-V490 服务器。 我们正在研究的一种选择是 CoolThreads 技术。 我只知道Sun的营销，它可能不是100%公正的。 有人真正玩过其中之一吗？
我怀疑这对我们来说没有任何价值，因为我们不经常使用线程或虚拟机，而且我们不能花很多时间改造代码。 我们确实产生了大量的进程，但我怀疑 CoolThreads 会在那里提供帮助。
（是的，这些钱最好花在奖金或其他东西上，但这不会发生。）
My project has some money to spend before the end of the fiscal year and we are considering replacing a Sun-Fire-V490 server we've had for a few years. One option we are looking at is the CoolThreads technology. All I know is the Sun marketing, which may not be 100% unbiased. Has anyone actually played with one of these?
I suspect it will be no value to us, since we don't use threads or virtual machines much and we can't spend a lot of time retrofitting code. We do spawn a ton of processes, but I doubt CoolThreads will be of help there.
(And yes, the money would be better spent on bonuses or something, but that's not going to happen.)
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IIRC 酷线程技术指的是这样一个事实：他们现在不仅仅将时钟速度提高得更高以提高性能，而且还着眼于具有超线程功能的多核处理器，有效地在一个芯片上提供处理器负载。 总体而言，可用的处理能力更高，但没有您期望的额外电力和空调要求（因此很酷）。 它的实用性绝对取决于您计划在其上运行什么。 如果您使用多线程核心运行 Apache，它会喜欢它，因为它可以在各个 CPU 核心上运行各个响应线程。 如果您只是运行单线程进程，您将比单个 cpu 箱获得一些性能提升，但不会那么好（任何老式的非 mod_perl/mod_python CGID 进程仍然会共享一点 cpu）。 如果您的应用程序由一个在机器上运行的单线程进程组成，那么在以相同速度运行的单核 cpu 上，您将获得很少的改进。
Peter
Edit：
哦，还有一个基准。 我们将服务器场中的 T2000 与当前的 V240（可能是 V480，我不记得了）进行了比较。T2000 在实时测试中承担了 12-13 个旧机器的负载，没有任何操作系统性能调整。 正如我所说，阿帕奇喜欢它:-)
IIRC The coolthreads technology is referring to the fact that rather than just ramping up the clock speed ever higher to improve performance they are now looking at multiple core processors with hyperthreading effectively giving you loads of processors on one chip. Overall the processing capacity available is higher but without the additional electrical power and aircon requirements you would expect (hence cool). Its usefulness definitely depends on what you are planning to run on it. If you are running Apache with the multiple threads core it will love it as it can run the individual response threads on the individual cpu cores. If you are simply running single thread processes you will get some performance increases over a single cpu box but not as great (any old fashioned non mod_perl/mod_python CGID processes would still be sharing the the cpu a bit). If your application consists of one single threaded process running maxed out on the box you will get very little improvement on a single core cpu running at the same speed.
Peter
Edit:
Oh and for a benchmark. We compared a T2000 in our server farm to our current V240s (May have been V480's I don't recall) The T2000 took the load of 12-13 of the Older boxes in a live test without any OS tweeking for performance. As I said Apache loves it :-)
Sun 一直在销售 Niagra 机器，以满足所有人的需求。 它们确实占有一席之地：Web 服务是最佳部署。 我们在一些 T2000 上运行了 Oracle，它对于高度并行操作运行良好。 但机器在单线程操作上表现不佳，性能相当糟糕。 如果您有浮点工作要做，请看看其他地方。 即使是每核配备一个 FPU 的较新芯片也不够。 此外，这些机器无法承受企业级的长时间冲击，而且我们还遇到了可靠性问题。 多核技术更多的是炒作而不是实质内容。 桑迪亚国家实验室对此进行了研究，发现四到八核大约是有用的高端，而 16 核芯片具有与双核芯片相同的吞吐量。 所以一个16核的芯片就浪费了很多钱。 此外，随着核心数量的增加，由于热墙的原因，时钟速度必须降低。 大多数制造商可能会选择四核芯片，直到内存技术得到改进（你无法让 16 个核心充满内存，并且大多数核心都已停止运行）。 最后，考虑到 Sun 的混乱状况，你最好去别处看看。
Sun has been selling the Niagra machines to be all things to all comers. They do have their place: web services being the best deployment. We have run Oracle on some T2000s and it worked well for highly parallelized operations. But the machines fall flat on single-treaded operations, the performance of which is rather bad. If you have floating point work to do, look elsewhere. Even the newer chips with A FPU per core is inadequate. Also, these machines cannot take a enterprise-class pounding for long and we've had reliability problems. Multi-core techology is more hype than substance. Sandia National Lab's research on it and found that four to eight cores is about the top-end of usefulnes and that a 16 core chip has the same throughput as a dual core chip. So a 16 core chip is a waste of a lot of money. Also, as the number of cores increase, the clock speed muust decrease, because of the thermal wall. Most manufacturers will probably settle on quad-core chips until memory technology improves (you can't keep 16 cores fed with memory and most of the cores are stalled). Finally, given the chaos at Sun, you'd do better to look elsewhere.
我的信息可能有点过时（最后一次使用这些服务器是在两年前），但我记得一个大问题是单个 CPU 上的所有核心都共享相同的 FPU 单元，所以如果你的代码做了很多浮点运算（我们正在做 GIS），FPU 是一个巨大的瓶颈，你没有从大量线程中获得太多好处。
My info may be a bit out of date (last used these servers 2 years ago) but as I recall one big gotcha was that all the cores on a single CPU all shared the same FPU unit, so if your code did a lot of floating point (we were doing GIS) the FPU was a massive bottleneck and you didn't get much benefit from the large number of threads.
对于任何具有高并行性的流程，这些机器（例如 t1000/t2000）非常适合其成本。 我已经在它们上运行 oracle 大约 18 个月了，效果很好。
如果您的任务是单线程/单进程，那么您最好使用高速双/四核英特尔机器。
如果您的应用程序有大量线程/进程，那么这些机器可能会非常适合。
最重要的是，Sun 将向您发送一个为期 60 天的评估，这就是我们在承诺之前所做的，最终获得了 2 t2000，最近又购买了 4 t1000。
For any process with high parallelism these machines (eg, the t1000/t2000) are great for their cost. I've been running oracle on them for about 18 months now and it works great.
If you task is a single threaded/single process, then you'd be better off with a high speed dual/quad core intel machine.
If your application has lots of threads/lots of processes then these machines will likely be great for it.
Best of all, Sun will send you one for 60 days to evaluate, that is what we did before committing to it, ended up getting 2 t2000's and have recently purchased another 4 t1000's.
昨晚我突然意识到我们的核心进程不是多线程的，但相关机器确实有一堆系统进程是多线程的。 特别是，它充当 NFS 服务器。 听起来运行数百个进程也将从所有这些核心中受益。
我会看看我们是否可以先获得一个演示单元进行测试。
It hit me last night that our core processes aren't multi-threaded, but the machine in question does have a bunch of system processes that are. In particular, it acts as an NFS server. It sounds like running hundreds of processes will benefit from all those cores, as well.
I'll see if we can get a demo unit to test on first.
我的上一个系统使用的是 Sun Fire T2000。 这些盒子本身在处理能力方面远远超出了我们的容量要求。 对于我们来说，这个决定是基于较低的功耗和空间要求。 我们在同一台机器上成功运行了 WebSphere 6、Oracle 10g 和 SunONE Directory 服务器。
We used Sun Fire T2000s for my last system. The boxes themselves were far exceeded our capacity requirements in terms of processing power. For us the decision was based on the lower power consumption and space requirement. We successfully ran WebSphere 6, Oracle 10g and SunONE Directory server on the same box.
披露：我在 Sun 工作（但作为客户端软件的工程师）。
您不一定需要多线程代码来使用这些机器。 拥有多个进程将利用多个内核上的多个硬件线程。
旧的 T1 处理器（T1000 和 T2000 盒子）确实只有一个 FPU，并且并不真正适合浮点数超过 1% 的任务。 较新的 T2 和 T2+ 处理器的每个内核都有一个 FPU。 对于大规模浮点运算来说，这可能仍然不是很好，但更值得尊敬。
（注：超线程技术是 Intel 的商标。Sun 使用术语“芯片多线程”(CMT)。）
Disclosure: I work for Sun (but as an engineer in client software).
You don't necesarily need multithreaded code to make use of these machines. Having multiple processes will make use of multiple hardware threads on multiple cores.
The old T1 processors (T1000 and T2000 boxes) did have only a single FPU, and weren't really suitable for tasks with much more than about 1% floating point. The newer T2 and T2+ processors have an FPU per core. That's probably still not great for massive floating point crunching, but is much more respectable.
(Note: Hyper-Threading Technology is a trademark of Intel. Sun uses the term Chip MultiThreading (CMT).)