Question

LCP 52. 二叉搜索树染色

题目描述

欢迎各位勇者来到力扣城，本次试炼主题为「二叉搜索树染色」。

每位勇士面前设有一个二叉搜索树的模型，模型的根节点为 root，树上的各个节点值均不重复。初始时，所有节点均为蓝色。现在按顺序对这棵二叉树进行若干次操作， ops[i] = [type, x, y] 表示第 i 次操作为：

• type 等于 0 时，将节点值范围在 [x, y] 的节点均染蓝
• type 等于 1 时，将节点值范围在 [x, y] 的节点均染红

请返回完成所有染色后，该二叉树中红色节点的数量。

注意：

• 题目保证对于每个操作的 x、y 值定出现在二叉搜索树节点中

示例 1：

输入：root = [1,null,2,null,3,null,4,null,5], ops = [[1,2,4],[1,1,3],[0,3,5]]

输出：2

解释： 第 0 次操作，将值为 2、3、4 的节点染红； 第 1 次操作，将值为 1、2、3 的节点染红； 第 2 次操作，将值为 3、4、5 的节点染蓝； 因此，最终值为 1、2 的节点为红色节点，返回数量 2

示例 2：

输入：root = [4,2,7,1,null,5,null,null,null,null,6] > ops = [[0,2,2],[1,1,5],[0,4,5],[1,5,7]]

输出：5

解释： 第 0 次操作，将值为 2 的节点染蓝； 第 1 次操作，将值为 1、2、4、5 的节点染红； 第 2 次操作，将值为 4、5 的节点染蓝； 第 3 次操作，将值为 5、6、7 的节点染红； 因此，最终值为 1、2、5、6、7 的节点为红色节点，返回数量 5

提示：

• 1 <= 二叉树节点数量 <= 10^5
• 1 <= ops.length <= 10^5
• ops[i].length == 3
• ops[i][0] 仅为 0 or 1
• 0 <= ops[i][1] <= ops[i][2] <= 10^9
• 0 <= 节点值 <= 10^9

解法

方法一：有序集合 + 倒序遍历

我们先遍历一遍二叉树，将所有节点的值加入到有序集合中。

接下来，由于节点的染色状态只跟最后一个操作有关，因此，我们可以倒序遍历操作数组。对于每个操作 $(t, x, y)$，我们在有序集合中找到所有值在 $[x, y]$ 范围内的节点，将其从有序集合中删除。如果 $t = 1$，说明这些节点被染成了红色，我们将其数量累加到答案种。

最后，我们返回答案。

时间复杂度 $O(m + n \times \log n)$，空间复杂度 $O(n)$。其中 $m$ 和 $n$ 分别是操作数组的长度和二叉树的节点数量。

# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
#   def __init__(self, x):
#     self.val = x
#     self.left = None
#     self.right = None

from sortedcontainers import SortedList


class Solution:
  def getNumber(self, root: Optional[TreeNode], ops: List[List[int]]) -> int:
    def dfs(root):
      if root is None:
        return
      sl.add(root.val)
      dfs(root.left)
      dfs(root.right)

    sl = SortedList()
    dfs(root)
    ans = 0
    for t, x, y in ops[::-1]:
      i = sl.bisect_left(x)
      while i < len(sl) and sl[i] <= y:
        sl.pop(i)
        ans += t == 1
    return ans

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *   int val;
 *   TreeNode left;
 *   TreeNode right;
 *   TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
  private TreeSet<Integer> ts = new TreeSet<>();

  public int getNumber(TreeNode root, int[][] ops) {
    dfs(root);
    int ans = 0;
    for (int i = ops.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
      int t = ops[i][0];
      int x = ops[i][1], y = ops[i][2];
      Integer ceiling = ts.ceiling(x);
      while (ceiling != null && ceiling <= y) {
        ts.remove(ceiling);
        ceiling = ts.ceiling(x);
        ans += t;
      }
    }
    return ans;
  }

  private void dfs(TreeNode root) {
    if (root == null) {
      return;
    }
    ts.add(root.val);
    dfs(root.left);
    dfs(root.right);
  }
}

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *   int val;
 *   TreeNode *left;
 *   TreeNode *right;
 *   TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
  int getNumber(TreeNode* root, vector<vector<int>>& ops) {
    set<int> ts;
    function<void(TreeNode*)> dfs = [&](TreeNode* root) {
      if (root == nullptr) {
        return;
      }
      ts.insert(root->val);
      dfs(root->left);
      dfs(root->right);
    };
    dfs(root);
    int ans = 0;
    for (int i = ops.size() - 1; ~i; --i) {
      int t = ops[i][0];
      int x = ops[i][1], y = ops[i][2];
      auto it = ts.lower_bound(x);
      while (it != ts.end() && *it <= y) {
        ts.erase(it++);
        ans += t;
      }
    }
    return ans;
  }
};

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * type TreeNode struct {
 *   Val int
 *   Left *TreeNode
 *   Right *TreeNode
 * }
 */
func getNumber(root *TreeNode, ops [][]int) (ans int) {
  rbt := redblacktree.NewWithIntComparator()
  var dfs func(root *TreeNode)
  dfs = func(root *TreeNode) {
    if root == nil {
      return
    }
    rbt.Put(root.Val, nil)
    dfs(root.Left)
    dfs(root.Right)
  }
  dfs(root)
  for i := len(ops) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
    t, x, y := ops[i][0], ops[i][1], ops[i][2]
    node, _ := rbt.Ceiling(x)
    for node != nil && node.Key.(int) <= y {
      rbt.Remove(node.Key)
      node, _ = rbt.Ceiling(x)
      ans += t
    }
  }
  return
}

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * class TreeNode {
 *   val: number
 *   left: TreeNode | null
 *   right: TreeNode | null
 *   constructor(val?: number, left?: TreeNode | null, right?: TreeNode | null) {
 *     this.val = (val===undefined ? 0 : val)
 *     this.left = (left===undefined ? null : left)
 *     this.right = (right===undefined ? null : right)
 *   }
 * }
 */

function getNumber(root: TreeNode | null, ops: number[][]): number {
  const ts = new TreeSet<number>();
  const dfs = (node: TreeNode | null) => {
    if (!node) {
      return;
    }
    ts.add(node.val);
    dfs(node.left);
    dfs(node.right);
  };
  dfs(root);
  let ans = 0;
  for (let i = ops.length - 1; ~i; --i) {
    const [t, x, y] = ops[i];
    let ceiling = ts.ceil(x);
    while (ceiling !== null && ceiling <= y) {
      ts.delete(ceiling);
      ceiling = ts.ceil(x);
      ans += t;
    }
  }
  return ans;
}

type Compare<T> = (lhs: T, rhs: T) => number;

class RBTreeNode<T = number> {
  data: T;
  count: number;
  left: RBTreeNode<T> | null;
  right: RBTreeNode<T> | null;
  parent: RBTreeNode<T> | null;
  color: number;
  constructor(data: T) {
    this.data = data;
    this.left = this.right = this.parent = null;
    this.color = 0;
    this.count = 1;
  }

  sibling(): RBTreeNode<T> | null {
    if (!this.parent) return null; // sibling null if no parent
    return this.isOnLeft() ? this.parent.right : this.parent.left;
  }

  isOnLeft(): boolean {
    return this === this.parent!.left;
  }

  hasRedChild(): boolean {
    return (
      Boolean(this.left && this.left.color === 0) ||
      Boolean(this.right && this.right.color === 0)
    );
  }
}

class RBTree<T> {
  root: RBTreeNode<T> | null;
  lt: (l: T, r: T) => boolean;
  constructor(compare: Compare<T> = (l: T, r: T) => (l < r ? -1 : l > r ? 1 : 0)) {
    this.root = null;
    this.lt = (l: T, r: T) => compare(l, r) < 0;
  }

  rotateLeft(pt: RBTreeNode<T>): void {
    const right = pt.right!;
    pt.right = right.left;

    if (pt.right) pt.right.parent = pt;
    right.parent = pt.parent;

    if (!pt.parent) this.root = right;
    else if (pt === pt.parent.left) pt.parent.left = right;
    else pt.parent.right = right;

    right.left = pt;
    pt.parent = right;
  }

  rotateRight(pt: RBTreeNode<T>): void {
    const left = pt.left!;
    pt.left = left.right;

    if (pt.left) pt.left.parent = pt;
    left.parent = pt.parent;

    if (!pt.parent) this.root = left;
    else if (pt === pt.parent.left) pt.parent.left = left;
    else pt.parent.right = left;

    left.right = pt;
    pt.parent = left;
  }

  swapColor(p1: RBTreeNode<T>, p2: RBTreeNode<T>): void {
    const tmp = p1.color;
    p1.color = p2.color;
    p2.color = tmp;
  }

  swapData(p1: RBTreeNode<T>, p2: RBTreeNode<T>): void {
    const tmp = p1.data;
    p1.data = p2.data;
    p2.data = tmp;
  }

  fixAfterInsert(pt: RBTreeNode<T>): void {
    let parent = null;
    let grandParent = null;

    while (pt !== this.root && pt.color !== 1 && pt.parent?.color === 0) {
      parent = pt.parent;
      grandParent = pt.parent.parent;

      /*  Case : A
        Parent of pt is left child of Grand-parent of pt */
      if (parent === grandParent?.left) {
        const uncle = grandParent.right;

        /* Case : 1
           The uncle of pt is also red
           Only Recoloring required */
        if (uncle && uncle.color === 0) {
          grandParent.color = 0;
          parent.color = 1;
          uncle.color = 1;
          pt = grandParent;
        } else {
          /* Case : 2
             pt is right child of its parent
             Left-rotation required */
          if (pt === parent.right) {
            this.rotateLeft(parent);
            pt = parent;
            parent = pt.parent;
          }

          /* Case : 3
             pt is left child of its parent
             Right-rotation required */
          this.rotateRight(grandParent);
          this.swapColor(parent!, grandParent);
          pt = parent!;
        }
      } else {
        /* Case : B
         Parent of pt is right child of Grand-parent of pt */
        const uncle = grandParent!.left;

        /*  Case : 1
          The uncle of pt is also red
          Only Recoloring required */
        if (uncle != null && uncle.color === 0) {
          grandParent!.color = 0;
          parent.color = 1;
          uncle.color = 1;
          pt = grandParent!;
        } else {
          /* Case : 2
             pt is left child of its parent
             Right-rotation required */
          if (pt === parent.left) {
            this.rotateRight(parent);
            pt = parent;
            parent = pt.parent;
          }

          /* Case : 3
             pt is right child of its parent
             Left-rotation required */
          this.rotateLeft(grandParent!);
          this.swapColor(parent!, grandParent!);
          pt = parent!;
        }
      }
    }
    this.root!.color = 1;
  }

  delete(val: T): boolean {
    const node = this.find(val);
    if (!node) return false;
    node.count--;
    if (!node.count) this.deleteNode(node);
    return true;
  }

  deleteAll(val: T): boolean {
    const node = this.find(val);
    if (!node) return false;
    this.deleteNode(node);
    return true;
  }

  deleteNode(v: RBTreeNode<T>): void {
    const u = BSTreplace(v);

    // True when u and v are both black
    const uvBlack = (u === null || u.color === 1) && v.color === 1;
    const parent = v.parent!;

    if (!u) {
      // u is null therefore v is leaf
      if (v === this.root) this.root = null;
      // v is root, making root null
      else {
        if (uvBlack) {
          // u and v both black
          // v is leaf, fix double black at v
          this.fixDoubleBlack(v);
        } else {
          // u or v is red
          if (v.sibling()) {
            // sibling is not null, make it red"
            v.sibling()!.color = 0;
          }
        }
        // delete v from the tree
        if (v.isOnLeft()) parent.left = null;
        else parent.right = null;
      }
      return;
    }

    if (!v.left || !v.right) {
      // v has 1 child
      if (v === this.root) {
        // v is root, assign the value of u to v, and delete u
        v.data = u.data;
        v.left = v.right = null;
      } else {
        // Detach v from tree and move u up
        if (v.isOnLeft()) parent.left = u;
        else parent.right = u;
        u.parent = parent;
        if (uvBlack) this.fixDoubleBlack(u);
        // u and v both black, fix double black at u
        else u.color = 1; // u or v red, color u black
      }
      return;
    }

    // v has 2 children, swap data with successor and recurse
    this.swapData(u, v);
    this.deleteNode(u);

    // find node that replaces a deleted node in BST
    function BSTreplace(x: RBTreeNode<T>): RBTreeNode<T> | null {
      // when node have 2 children
      if (x.left && x.right) return successor(x.right);
      // when leaf
      if (!x.left && !x.right) return null;
      // when single child
      return x.left ?? x.right;
    }
    // find node that do not have a left child
    // in the subtree of the given node
    function successor(x: RBTreeNode<T>): RBTreeNode<T> {
      let temp = x;
      while (temp.left) temp = temp.left;
      return temp;
    }
  }

  fixDoubleBlack(x: RBTreeNode<T>): void {
    if (x === this.root) return; // Reached root

    const sibling = x.sibling();
    const parent = x.parent!;
    if (!sibling) {
      // No sibiling, double black pushed up
      this.fixDoubleBlack(parent);
    } else {
      if (sibling.color === 0) {
        // Sibling red
        parent.color = 0;
        sibling.color = 1;
        if (sibling.isOnLeft()) this.rotateRight(parent);
        // left case
        else this.rotateLeft(parent); // right case
        this.fixDoubleBlack(x);
      } else {
        // Sibling black
        if (sibling.hasRedChild()) {
          // at least 1 red children
          if (sibling.left && sibling.left.color === 0) {
            if (sibling.isOnLeft()) {
              // left left
              sibling.left.color = sibling.color;
              sibling.color = parent.color;
              this.rotateRight(parent);
            } else {
              // right left
              sibling.left.color = parent.color;
              this.rotateRight(sibling);
              this.rotateLeft(parent);
            }
          } else {
            if (sibling.isOnLeft()) {
              // left right
              sibling.right!.color = parent.color;
              this.rotateLeft(sibling);
              this.rotateRight(parent);
            } else {
              // right right
              sibling.right!.color = sibling.color;
              sibling.color = parent.color;
              this.rotateLeft(parent);
            }
          }
          parent.color = 1;
        } else {
          // 2 black children
          sibling.color = 0;
          if (parent.color === 1) this.fixDoubleBlack(parent);
          else parent.color = 1;
        }
      }
    }
  }

  insert(data: T): boolean {
    // search for a position to insert
    let parent = this.root;
    while (parent) {
      if (this.lt(data, parent.data)) {
        if (!parent.left) break;
        else parent = parent.left;
      } else if (this.lt(parent.data, data)) {
        if (!parent.right) break;
        else parent = parent.right;
      } else break;
    }

    // insert node into parent
    const node = new RBTreeNode(data);
    if (!parent) this.root = node;
    else if (this.lt(node.data, parent.data)) parent.left = node;
    else if (this.lt(parent.data, node.data)) parent.right = node;
    else {
      parent.count++;
      return false;
    }
    node.parent = parent;
    this.fixAfterInsert(node);
    return true;
  }

  find(data: T): RBTreeNode<T> | null {
    let p = this.root;
    while (p) {
      if (this.lt(data, p.data)) {
        p = p.left;
      } else if (this.lt(p.data, data)) {
        p = p.right;
      } else break;
    }
    return p ?? null;
  }

  *inOrder(root: RBTreeNode<T> = this.root!): Generator<T, undefined, void> {
    if (!root) return;
    for (const v of this.inOrder(root.left!)) yield v;
    yield root.data;
    for (const v of this.inOrder(root.right!)) yield v;
  }

  *reverseInOrder(root: RBTreeNode<T> = this.root!): Generator<T, undefined, void> {
    if (!root) return;
    for (const v of this.reverseInOrder(root.right!)) yield v;
    yield root.data;
    for (const v of this.reverseInOrder(root.left!)) yield v;
  }
}

class TreeSet<T = number> {
  _size: number;
  tree: RBTree<T>;
  compare: Compare<T>;
  constructor(
    collection: T[] | Compare<T> = [],
    compare: Compare<T> = (l: T, r: T) => (l < r ? -1 : l > r ? 1 : 0),
  ) {
    if (typeof collection === 'function') {
      compare = collection;
      collection = [];
    }
    this._size = 0;
    this.compare = compare;
    this.tree = new RBTree(compare);
    for (const val of collection) this.add(val);
  }

  size(): number {
    return this._size;
  }

  has(val: T): boolean {
    return !!this.tree.find(val);
  }

  add(val: T): boolean {
    const successful = this.tree.insert(val);
    this._size += successful ? 1 : 0;
    return successful;
  }

  delete(val: T): boolean {
    const deleted = this.tree.deleteAll(val);
    this._size -= deleted ? 1 : 0;
    return deleted;
  }

  ceil(val: T): T | undefined {
    let p = this.tree.root;
    let higher = null;
    while (p) {
      if (this.compare(p.data, val) >= 0) {
        higher = p;
        p = p.left;
      } else {
        p = p.right;
      }
    }
    return higher?.data;
  }

  floor(val: T): T | undefined {
    let p = this.tree.root;
    let lower = null;
    while (p) {
      if (this.compare(val, p.data) >= 0) {
        lower = p;
        p = p.right;
      } else {
        p = p.left;
      }
    }
    return lower?.data;
  }

  higher(val: T): T | undefined {
    let p = this.tree.root;
    let higher = null;
    while (p) {
      if (this.compare(val, p.data) < 0) {
        higher = p;
        p = p.left;
      } else {
        p = p.right;
      }
    }
    return higher?.data;
  }

  lower(val: T): T | undefined {
    let p = this.tree.root;
    let lower = null;
    while (p) {
      if (this.compare(p.data, val) < 0) {
        lower = p;
        p = p.right;
      } else {
        p = p.left;
      }
    }
    return lower?.data;
  }

  first(): T | undefined {
    return this.tree.inOrder().next().value;
  }

  last(): T | undefined {
    return this.tree.reverseInOrder().next().value;
  }

  shift(): T | undefined {
    const first = this.first();
    if (first === undefined) return undefined;
    this.delete(first);
    return first;
  }

  pop(): T | undefined {
    const last = this.last();
    if (last === undefined) return undefined;
    this.delete(last);
    return last;
  }

  *[Symbol.iterator](): Generator<T, void, void> {
    for (const val of this.values()) yield val;
  }

  *keys(): Generator<T, void, void> {
    for (const val of this.values()) yield val;
  }

  *values(): Generator<T, undefined, void> {
    for (const val of this.tree.inOrder()) yield val;
    return undefined;
  }

  /**
   * Return a generator for reverse order traversing the set
   */
  *rvalues(): Generator<T, undefined, void> {
    for (const val of this.tree.reverseInOrder()) yield val;
    return undefined;
  }
}