Question

535. TinyURL 的加密与解密

English Version

题目描述

TinyURL 是一种 URL 简化服务， 比如：当你输入一个 URL https://leetcode.com/problems/design-tinyurl 时，它将返回一个简化的URL http://tinyurl.com/4e9iAk 。请你设计一个类来加密与解密 TinyURL 。

加密和解密算法如何设计和运作是没有限制的，你只需要保证一个 URL 可以被加密成一个 TinyURL ，并且这个 TinyURL 可以用解密方法恢复成原本的 URL 。

实现 Solution 类：

• Solution() 初始化 TinyURL 系统对象。
• String encode(String longUrl) 返回 longUrl 对应的 TinyURL 。
• String decode(String shortUrl) 返回 shortUrl 原本的 URL 。题目数据保证给定的 shortUrl 是由同一个系统对象加密的。

 

示例：

输入：url = "https://leetcode.com/problems/design-tinyurl"
输出："https://leetcode.com/problems/design-tinyurl"

解释：
Solution obj = new Solution();
string tiny = obj.encode(url); // 返回加密后得到的 TinyURL 。
string ans = obj.decode(tiny); // 返回解密后得到的原本的 URL 。

 

提示：

• 1 <= url.length <= 104
• 题目数据保证 url 是一个有效的 URL

解法

方法一：哈希表

class Codec:
  def __init__(self):
    self.m = defaultdict()
    self.idx = 0
    self.domain = 'https://tinyurl.com/'

  def encode(self, longUrl: str) -> str:
    """Encodes a URL to a shortened URL."""
    self.idx += 1
    self.m[str(self.idx)] = longUrl
    return f'{self.domain}{self.idx}'

  def decode(self, shortUrl: str) -> str:
    """Decodes a shortened URL to its original URL."""
    idx = shortUrl.split('/')[-1]
    return self.m[idx]


# Your Codec object will be instantiated and called as such:
# codec = Codec()
# codec.decode(codec.encode(url))

public class Codec {
  private Map<String, String> m = new HashMap<>();
  private int idx = 0;
  private String domain = "https://tinyurl.com/";

  // Encodes a URL to a shortened URL.
  public String encode(String longUrl) {
    String v = String.valueOf(++idx);
    m.put(v, longUrl);
    return domain + v;
  }

  // Decodes a shortened URL to its original URL.
  public String decode(String shortUrl) {
    int i = shortUrl.lastIndexOf('/') + 1;
    return m.get(shortUrl.substring(i));
  }
}

// Your Codec object will be instantiated and called as such:
// Codec codec = new Codec();
// codec.decode(codec.encode(url));

class Solution {
public:
  // Encodes a URL to a shortened URL.
  string encode(string longUrl) {
    string v = to_string(++idx);
    m[v] = longUrl;
    return domain + v;
  }

  // Decodes a shortened URL to its original URL.
  string decode(string shortUrl) {
    int i = shortUrl.rfind('/') + 1;
    return m[shortUrl.substr(i, shortUrl.size() - i)];
  }

private:
  unordered_map<string, string> m;
  int idx = 0;
  string domain = "https://tinyurl.com/";
};

// Your Solution object will be instantiated and called as such:
// Solution solution;
// solution.decode(solution.encode(url));

type Codec struct {
  m   map[int]string
  idx int
}

func Constructor() Codec {
  m := map[int]string{}
  return Codec{m, 0}
}

// Encodes a URL to a shortened URL.
func (this *Codec) encode(longUrl string) string {
  this.idx++
  this.m[this.idx] = longUrl
  return "https://tinyurl.com/" + strconv.Itoa(this.idx)
}

// Decodes a shortened URL to its original URL.
func (this *Codec) decode(shortUrl string) string {
  i := strings.LastIndexByte(shortUrl, '/')
  v, _ := strconv.Atoi(shortUrl[i+1:])
  return this.m[v]
}

/**
 * Your Codec object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * obj := Constructor();
 * url := obj.encode(longUrl);
 * ans := obj.decode(url);
 */